Conditions We Treat
RETINAL CONDITIONS & DISEASES
Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Dry Macular Degeneration
The most common form of AMD, marked by drusen and gradual thinning of the macula. Monitoring and lifestyle changes help slow progression.
Wet Macular Degeneration
Abnormal blood vessels leak under the retina, causing rapid central vision loss. Anti-VEGF injections are the cornerstone of treatment.
Myopic Degeneration
Severe nearsightedness can stretch and thin the retina, increasing the risk of retinal changes and vision loss over time.
Myopic Macular Degeneration
Pathologic myopia can lead to macular degeneration with choroidal neovascularization, requiring retina specialist evaluation.
Causes & Risk Factors of AMD
Understand the key factors (age, genetics, smoking, and lifestyle) that influence your risk of developing macular degeneration.
Diabetic Eye Disease
Diabetic Retinopathy
The leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults, diabetic retinopathy damages retinal blood vessels and requires ongoing screening.
Diabetic Macular Edema
Fluid buildup in the central retina from diabetes can blur vision. Anti-VEGF and laser therapies can reduce swelling and stabilize sight.
Moderate NPDR
An intermediate stage of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring closer monitoring to prevent progression.
Severe NPDR
Severe nonproliferative disease carries a high risk of progressing to proliferative retinopathy and requires timely retina care.
Retinal Swelling from Diabetic Damage
Learn how chronic diabetes leads to fluid accumulation in the retina and what treatment options are available to protect vision.
Retinal Detachment & Tears
Retinal Detachment & Tears
When the retina lifts away from its supporting tissue, urgent surgical treatment is needed to save vision.
Retinal Tear
A break in the retina that can lead to detachment if untreated. Laser retinopexy or cryotherapy often prevents progression.
Horseshoe Tears
A U-shaped retinal tear caused by vitreous traction, often requiring prompt laser treatment to reduce detachment risk.
Giant Retinal Tears
Large retinal tears spanning 90 degrees or more require urgent, complex surgical repair by a vitreoretinal specialist.
Lattice Degeneration
Thinning and weakening of the peripheral retina that may predispose to tears and detachment in susceptible eyes.
Traumatic Retinal Breaks
Blunt or penetrating eye injuries can cause retinal breaks that need emergent evaluation to prevent detachment.
Retinal Vascular Occlusions
Retinal Vascular Occlusions
An overview of blockages in the retinal arteries or veins that disrupt blood flow and threaten vision.
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage of a retinal vein causes sudden vision loss and macular swelling. Anti-VEGF therapy is central to treatment.
Retinal Artery Occlusion (Eye Stroke)
A medical emergency: sudden blockage of a retinal artery can cause permanent vision loss and signal systemic vascular disease.
CRAO
Central retinal artery occlusion causes profound, sudden vision loss and requires urgent stroke workup.
CRVO
Central retinal vein occlusion causes widespread retinal hemorrhage and edema, often managed with injections and monitoring.
BRAO
Branch retinal artery occlusion causes partial visual field loss in the distribution of the affected vessel.
Chronic BRVO
Long-standing branch retinal vein occlusion can lead to chronic edema and neovascular complications requiring ongoing care.
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Reduced blood flow to the eye from carotid artery disease can cause vision loss and requires coordinated vascular care.
Eye Stroke Emergency
Understand why sudden painless vision loss is a medical emergency and when to seek immediate retina and stroke evaluation.
Macular Conditions
Macular Hole
A small full-thickness defect in the central macula that causes distorted and blurred central vision, treatable with vitrectomy.
Macular Pucker
A thin scar tissue layer forms on the macula, distorting central vision. Surgery may be recommended for symptomatic cases.
Macular Edema
Swelling in the central retina from various causes that blurs and distorts vision until the underlying cause is treated.
Cystoid Macular Edema
Fluid-filled cyst-like spaces in the macula commonly occur after surgery or with inflammation, reducing central vision.
Vitreomacular Traction
The vitreous gel pulls abnormally on the macula, distorting vision and sometimes leading to holes or edema.
Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
A rare progressive disease of abnormal retinal vessels at the macula causing slow central vision loss.
Uveitis & Ocular Inflammation
Uveitis
Inflammation inside the eye can threaten vision if untreated. Expert management protects the retina and preserves sight.
Posterior Uveitis
Inflammation of the choroid and retina that can permanently damage vision without prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Intermediate Uveitis
Inflammation primarily affecting the vitreous and peripheral retina, often causing floaters and blurred vision.
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
A rare autoimmune inflammatory disease causing multiple cream-colored lesions in the retina and progressive vision loss.
Serpiginous Choroiditis
A chronic recurrent inflammation of the choroid that progresses in a serpentine pattern and requires immunosuppressive therapy.
Infectious Retinitis
CMV Retinitis
A sight-threatening viral infection of the retina most often seen in immunocompromised patients, requiring prompt antiviral therapy.
Acute Retinal Necrosis
A rapidly progressive viral retinitis that can cause retinal detachment and severe vision loss without urgent antiviral therapy.
Endophthalmitis
A severe infection inside the eye that requires immediate intravitreal antibiotics to prevent permanent vision loss.
Ocular Toxoplasmosis
A parasitic infection that can cause recurrent retinal lesions and scarring, managed with antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Ocular Histoplasmosis
A fungal infection that can cause choroidal scarring and neovascularization, sometimes requiring anti-VEGF injections.
Vitreous & Floaters
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
The vitreous gel separates from the retina, causing floaters and flashes. Most cases are benign, but some lead to retinal tears.
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the vitreous cavity can cause sudden floaters and vision loss, requiring evaluation for underlying retinal disease.
Persistent Floaters
When floaters interfere with vision long-term, vitrectomy can be considered for select patients after thorough evaluation.
Asteroid Hyalosis
Small calcium deposits in the vitreous are usually harmless but may obscure retinal viewing during examination.
Vitreous Opacities
Various types of vitreous debris and opacities can affect vision and may require retina specialist evaluation.
Inherited Retinal Disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa
A group of inherited disorders that cause progressive peripheral and night vision loss, with emerging gene therapy options.
Stargardt Disease
The most common inherited macular dystrophy, causing progressive central vision loss typically beginning in childhood or adolescence.
Best Disease
Also called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, this inherited condition causes characteristic yolk-like lesions and variable vision loss.
Leber Congenital Amaurosis
A severe inherited retinal disease that causes vision loss from infancy. Gene therapy is now available for certain genetic subtypes.
Choroideremia
An X-linked inherited disease causing progressive degeneration of the choroid and retina, primarily affecting males.
Medication-Related Retinal Toxicity
Plaquenil (Hydroxychloroquine) Toxicity
Long-term use of hydroxychloroquine requires retinal screening to detect early toxicity and prevent irreversible vision loss.
Tamoxifen Retinopathy
Tamoxifen can cause crystalline deposits and macular changes in the retina, requiring periodic monitoring.
Pentosan Polysulfate Maculopathy
Long-term use of Elmiron has been linked to a unique pigmentary maculopathy requiring ongoing retinal surveillance.
MEK Inhibitor Retinopathy
Certain targeted cancer therapies can cause transient retinal fluid accumulation that resolves with dose adjustment.
Crystalline Retinopathies
Several medications and conditions can cause crystalline deposits in the retina, identified through careful imaging and examination.
Systemic & Other Retinal Conditions
Central Serous Retinopathy
Fluid buildup under the retina causes central vision distortion, often linked to stress and steroid use, typically resolving over time.
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Chronic high blood pressure damages retinal vessels and can signal systemic vascular risk requiring medical attention.
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Sickle cell disease can cause proliferative retinopathy and vascular occlusions that require retinal laser or anti-VEGF therapy.
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Abnormal retinal vessel development in premature infants that may require laser treatment or anti-VEGF therapy to prevent detachment.
Ocular Melanoma & Tumors
Retinal and choroidal tumors require expert diagnosis and coordinated care with oncology specialists for optimal outcomes.
Not Sure Which Condition Applies?
Our fellowship-trained retina specialists diagnose and manage the full spectrum of retinal disease. Schedule an evaluation today.
Expert retinal disease care.
From common conditions to rare inherited retinal disease, our fellowship-trained surgeons deliver precise diagnosis and personalized treatment.
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