Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among individuals aged 50 and older. It is a chronic condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
Unlike the more common "dry" form of AMD, wet AMD progresses rapidly and can result in severe vision loss if not treated promptly.
This article provides an in-depth look at wet AMD, including its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and how New England Retina Associates offers specialized retinal care for patients managing it.
What is Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
Wet AMD, or neovascular AMD, occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina. These blood vessels are fragile and tend to leak blood or fluid, causing the macula to become damaged and leading to the rapid loss of central vision. Although wet AMD only accounts for about 10 to 15% of all AMD cases, it is responsible for most of the severe vision loss associated with the condition.
How Does Wet AMD Develop?
The dry form of AMD typically precedes wet AMD. In dry AMD, small yellow deposits called drusen accumulate beneath the retina, causing gradual damage to the macula.
For reasons not entirely understood, some individuals with dry AMD develop wet AMD, where new, abnormal blood vessels begin to grow under the retina. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that promotes the formation of new blood vessels, triggers this growth.
Once these abnormal vessels form, they can leak fluid or blood, disrupting the retina's normal structure and forming scar tissue. The result is a rapid decline in central vision, making performing tasks like reading, driving, or recognizing faces difficult.
Symptoms of Wet AMD
The symptoms of wet AMD often develop suddenly and may worsen quickly. Some of the most common signs include:
- Straight lines appear wavy or bent, a condition known as metamorphopsia
- Central vision becomes blurry or dark, affecting tasks that require focus
- Dark or empty areas appear in the center of the visual field
- Unlike dry AMD, wet AMD can cause sudden and severe vision loss
If any of these symptoms occur, it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention to prevent further damage to the macula.
Treatment Options for Wet AMD
While there is no cure for wet AMD, several treatment options can help slow its progression and improve vision. New England Retina Associates offers cutting-edge treatments tailored to each patient’s condition. The most common treatments for wet AMD include:
Anti-VEGF Injections
Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy is the primary treatment for wet AMD. These injections target and block the VEGF protein responsible for promoting the growth of abnormal blood vessels. By inhibiting VEGF, the injections help reduce fluid leakage, prevent further damage, and, in some cases, improve vision.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
Photodynamic therapy is a two-step procedure used to treat abnormal blood vessels in the retina. It involves injecting a light-sensitive drug into the bloodstream and shining a special laser light onto the retina. The laser activates the drug, targeting and sealing off the abnormal blood vessels while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Laser Photocoagulation
Laser photocoagulation involves using a high-energy laser to directly destroy abnormal blood vessels. While this treatment is less common due to advancements in anti-VEGF therapy, it may still be appropriate for certain cases of wet AMD.
Managing Wet AMD at New England Retina Associates
We specialize in the diagnosis and management of wet AMD. Our experienced retinal specialists use state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and the latest treatment options to provide the highest standard of care for patients with this condition.
We understand that every patient’s experience with AMD is unique, and we are committed to creating personalized treatment plans that address each patient’s needs. By working closely with our patients, we aim to slow the progression of the disease and help preserve vision for as long as possible.
Safeguarding Your Vision and Eye Health
Wet age-related macular degeneration is a severe condition that can lead to vision loss if left untreated. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for wet AMD is essential for managing the condition effectively.